NIST review traces why F-gases dominated refrigeration and what the shift to alternatives demands of system design
A 2026 review by NIST researcher Mark McLinden in the International Journal of Refrigeration examines the thermodynamic rationale behind the adoption of fluorinated gases and the engineering challenges that will accompany their phase-out. The paper argues that upcoming F-gas restrictions will reverse the traditional design approach: systems must be built around the properties of the chosen working fluid rather than the other way around.
IIR: sector monitoring
