ChemSec: Single-Phase Liquid Cooling for Data Centers Already Works Without PFAS; Two-Phase Alternatives Still in Development
The ChemSec report, with technical support from Fraunhofer IZM (October 2026), systematizes PFAS-free alternatives for electronics cooling. Single-phase liquid systems — both immersion and direct-to-chip — already function without fluorinated heat-transfer fluids. Two-phase solutions, where the fluid evaporates during heat removal, remain in the pre-commercial stage; ChemSec questions the 13.5-year grace period proposed by the EU for restricting PFAS in two-phase immersion cooling.
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