Review paper assesses water (R718) as a refrigerant for industrial heat pumps above 100 °C
A 2026 review in Applied Thermal Engineering by researchers from the University of Cincinnati and Assiut University examines water (R718) as a refrigerant for high-temperature heat pumps delivering process heat from above 100 °C to approximately 250 °C. The paper identifies compressor technology, material compatibility, and precise control as key engineering barriers to broader industrial deployment, while noting that reviewed economic assessments indicate attractive capital costs and payback periods under suitable operating conditions.
IIR: sector monitoring